5 Essential CSS Interview Questions *

The CSS box model is a rectangular layout paradigm for HTML elements that consists of the following:

• Content - The content of the box, where text and images appear
• Padding - A transparent area surrounding the content (i.e., the amount of space between the border and the content)
• Border - A border surrounding the padding (if any) and content
• Margin - A transparent area surrounding the border (i.e., the amount of space between the border and any neighboring elements)

Each of these properties can be specified independently for each side of the element (i.e., top, right, bottom, left) or fewer values can be specified to apply to multiple sides. For example:

/*       top   right  bottom left  */
padding: 25px  50px   75px   100px;

/* same padding on all 4 sides: */
padding: 25px;

/* top/bottom padding 25px; right/left padding 50px */
padding: 25px 50px;

/* top padding 25px; right/left padding 50px; bottom padding 75px */
padding: 25px 50px 75px;

1. div, p - Selects all <div> elements and all <p> elements
2. div p - Selects all <p> elements that are anywhere inside a <div> element
3. div > p - Selects all <p> elements where the immediate parent is a <div> element
4. div + p - Selects all <p> elements that are placed immediately after a <div> element
5. div ~ p - Selects all <p> elements that are anywhere preceded by a <div> element

• cm - centimeters
• em - elements (i.e., relative to the font-size of the element; e.g., 2 em means 2 times the current font size)
• in - inches
• mm - millimeters
• pc - picas (1 pc = 12 pt = 1/6th of an inch)
• pt - points (1 pt = 1/72nd of an inch)
• px - pixels (1 px = 1/96th of an inch)

Select every <a> element whose href attribute value begins with “https”:

a[href^="https"]

Select every <a> element whose href attribute value ends with “.pdf”:

a[href$=".pdf"]

Select every <a> element whose href attribute value contains the substring “css”:

a[href*="css"]

The following CSS will achieve this type of automatic numbering:

#page {
  counter-reset: heading;
}

h1:before {
  content: counter(heading)") ";
  counter-increment: heading;
}

h1 {
  counter-reset: subheading;
}

h2:before {
  content: counter(heading)"." counter(subheading)") ";
  counter-increment: subheading;
}